Gas and steam power-generator.



Patented Jm18,19w.

B. B. LAIION. 0M LID um rom 031811102. A'ILIOA'IIOI nan Au. :0, 1m.947,107.

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and uaalul 1m rovementa in (iaa and Steam l'ower-(iene'ra ore, which arefully deacribed and represented in the followi apecitlea- -'t-ion andthe accompanying draw nga, forniing1a part of the came. I

iia invention relatea to lntana for aup plying an elaatlc fluid underpreaaure tor the operation 01 the ateam reciprocating and turbine typeaof non.

The object of the invent ion is to tranapoue the heat untta of gas fuelinto a mixture of steam and combustion gases united in pruaure and maleand temperature to aupcraedc ataain in operating thone typcn of engine;and, by time linking them to gua producing apparatua, to embot y a a andateam power-a Item which will re ain the advantagea o the ateatn inertand combine with them the thermal -ieney of the exploaire gaa no.

The t,ia lured by the tftttltltllfllltili under eonatan pmemre of galand air mixed in axploaive or chemical promrtioue. 'Iheae aupphea of aand air are pro-mmpreaaed by any suitable a paratua and admitted to thecumbuation c iamber at a preauurqot aeveral atmoapherea, varying accord}to the I'irlnm of the gas in co|nbuatth elements.

'lh e ateam ia prmlueed by contact .wjth' the rodeo and tubes of thecmubuatiou clownher and its outlets, of water contained in a waterjacket mtmiunding them.

The mixture la made b cauaing the nodueta of eombuatiou and t to laeamto d Rune together in n mixing chamber, into which the combnatmn gaiamare discharged trout the outlets of the ct'uuhuntion chamber and fromwhich mixing t'ilillllbt'l' the mixture pal ea to the engine.

In the aectuupanying drawings of the upparatua' tor maltmg the mixture,which 1 call a and ateam power-generator, aimilar ra ere nee numbera andettera are tuned ftiir identifying the name parta in all the v Figure 1is a aide elevation of the powergenerator with-the left hand part invertical central aection. Fig. 3 in a horizontal tranaverae aeetron online .'2 of Fig. 1, looking down. Fig. 8 is a similaraeetion on line.

3-4! of Fig. on line 4-4 of Fig. 1. Figs. 6 and ti represent in detailelectrically operated worm gears for the automatic regulation of the tis a aeetional air and fuel gaaes. Fig. elevation of a modiiied form ofthe generator for larger unite. Fig. 8 il a plan view of the bottomplate 'aeen in Fig. 7. Fig. 0 is u wotionul view of an automaticprcaaure regulator for the air and gel. Fig. ti a detail of amoditlcationthereof. Fi 10 in a aide view of the regulating cut-o valve,and Fig. 11 is a side view, on a amaller acale, of my power-generatoreonneeted to a gaa producer and com in.

he uurutor is in ellectnnu rigmulur cylinder boiler B, see i ig. withaererul annular compartments 1, 2, and 3, aurrounding a centralcombuation chamber 4, and its outlet tubca ti, aurmounted by ahemiaphcrical doom 0 containing the aeparate mixing chamber 7, intowhich are mjected the products of combuation through the outlet pipoa tiand steam through tie external ateum S.

The feed water entel'a the annulus 1 through pipe p, ncur its bottom,and, under pressure from the feed pum Bowl up- Wttl't and throu h thetop of t to partition 1" into the annu us 2, thence downward and throughthe bottom of the rtition P into the annulus und inter-tn space 8, andthence as steam into the mixing chamber. Thus there are, surrounding thecomb nation chamber, three concentric water aeketa the coutentu oi whichtlow conatanl toward the centrally located heating aur n tereapting andaccumulating heat on hen- 'i he combuation chamber ia cylindrical inform and placed central] in the lower part of the generator. lts ttom orfloor 9 nput be removable, and adjuatable to place, with atrong holta orcame 10. to revuat the expanaion of the comprcawd fuel and o!eombualiou. .'lhe oolnp auppliaa of a and air are ndmitted tlmuigliaeparate t concentric inleta it and min the center of the door, whencethe diluaa freely through a mound of amal fragmenta of broken mu neaitcor other refractory material 14. o promote eommiature and to revealthcfragments tron 'holting the ineta, the ea or screen 15 in aupe overand aroum them, and is formed with opening: for the passage of the fuelaupplics 1. Fig. 4 is a similar aection l'nteu cd Jun. 18, 1010.

thetethrmlgh. it irill be seen that the botf a sprin or weight Wwithout. This weight.

tom 9, whtch now be a steel casting. has a i is attic circumferentialllan a titting the interior of the combustion eiamber, and that thellange. is surmounted by a ring 10, continuous in form: the lion and thering together making a basin or holditeig the magneihe fragments. Theupper e of t e ring coincides in height with the ante ea of combustion.covering the mound whiei may be called the burner. The upper rim of theriug'lttis thickened that it may aerveas a ma 'aziue to atorl andmaintain an inflaming heat, should there. be a temporary atoppage ofcombustion.

l'roviaion for electric ignition-oi the fuel gases ia made through thehole 17 cured in he castings i and 16 to serve as a gas duet from theinlets to the upper surface of the buruer.,- 'lhelplug 18 serves as agate for the due {and also as the heat of the electric connections 19.

When a kindling charge of the explosive mixture has posse through theopen gate, a slight turn ofthe plug at the same time eloaea the gatewayand prtalueea the tiring spark'in the vertical part of the duct.

Khe supply inlet'sil and 12. shown as wide open, are designed to admitthe gas and air in proportions for chemical or perfect tanubustion. Asthese proportions must vary according to the richness. in eombustibles,of the gas, the inlets may be relatively adjusted in area or capacity byturning the "-hand wheels 20 and 21. such turning of the wheel 20, willscrew the gas pipe 22 toward or from the pendent cone sur ace '23 oncage 15 with the efleet of partly or wholly closing or o 'ning the gasinlet, and sueh turning of l to wheel 2! will likewise aflcct the sleeve24 for adjusting the air inlet. The uTFn-eeiver .25 serves both todeliver the air altpply uud ulao to sup mt't and to direct the devua-sfor adjusting t te relative volumes of supply. v v

The relative volumes of s and air being in adjustment. by the positionof the pipe 22 within the sleeve .t-l, it is evident that regulation ofthe total volume of gun and air may be attained hv screwing the alecvetoward or from the inlet 1). according to the demands of the engine andits load.' Should those tluctuate vio -ntly. automatic regulation may beattained by the devirea shown in Figs. 5, ti and 0. that is to say. by rwheel 21' and worm 21" fixed to it t ll" 8 on which la a smallreversible t lt't'it'lu llltllut M art-an l to revolve in oppmitudiroetioua by -'leetro currents whose circuits are alluruatelymadm-lmnkon and reverseil us to polarity by the vibration of aflexibltinphragm T, Fig. 9, whirlu-la'ing fist-d upon rhe end of I pipeI), tamllwlod with the till!- lug rhamla'r is under atresfrom theexpansion within and is also under .-lrrss from I ed to alever uwhichrrat on a. bearing on top of diap ram '1 and the other end controls a3-point pole changing switch a. e

When the two forces on o poaite sides of the diaphra n are balanced themotor M would be ad out power, as t e switch arms osition between thecouith t etieient pressure within,

should comtnet points.

the reeemion of the diaphragm plete the o mug circuit of t \IICMHBS efuel supply. .-With excessive pressure within, the protrusion of thediaphra t reverses the poles of the switch and com etes the circuit ofthe motor to operate in t reverse direction, to wholly or partiallyclone the aupply inlets.

For phragtn as in Fig. i), I may use a piston working in a ey under asseen in Fig. 9.

The pendent cone 23, Fig. 1, serves not. only to re ulate, as described,the influx of a, but a to promote its difliuoon with t e air. For.although the two concentric streams will begin di tlaion when they issuefrom the inlets, it is evident that, as 2400" an the central stream ofgas reaches the route surface, the c mbustible atoina must diverge fromtheir dineet eoun-ie and. read into that of the annular .-.t ream of aircreating a multitude of subdivided and iutermingling streamleta of gaaand air and up mrtunitiee tor ditiuaiou an the elements riae t troughthe iutersticesot the multi-oell burner.

The end and tube eheeta of the boiler my be made with plane surfaces orbe dish domed, or ,eorrnga ed with mneeutric corrugations as at aig.- t.as may best serve the purpose of taking up heat expamimi and preventingstrains.

1 have so far shown. as the simplest and most. convenient example of myinvention, the upright cylinder boiler with its homologous the chamberand burner and ap rurtennncea, but for unita'ot. power exeeei mg theordinary limits of the u iright boiler. utility may require horiaontaboilers and -vnri'aut forms for other analogous purta. in

an oblong tire rlunnla'r, are" in Figa. 7 and 8, a-smni-eylitulriealburner euge 6" or several of them. only he the analogue of thehemispherical burner. "lluanalogue of the etaueutrie supply inleta maybe' a group of three slita r. in the floor ti of the tlre eluuuber.arranged in, uniformity to the axoeut their burner. 'lho analogue of thn'il't'tttltlttl eono may be tt.\\'ttllt or prism 1 pre-eutmg an ed 'eto the gas inlet slit. tlas and air may a aupplied to theirlt'tapt't'llfl; slttn through suitable pipes or holes. eored m theiltml'tttfilillll. pural el, like tlte. slits to the axis of the burner:mul two service melts Fig. ltl. arranged lu pipes at the t'lttt'ttneoaof these holes, and geared toe. motor which high pressures, iuatead ofusing a diallO stmightway cqual accessibility am distribution to verygather. with provision for relative adjustment of volume, may be thesimplest. a .n slogan of the automatic regulating device heretoforedescribed.

In Fig. ll I have shown the general combination of my inventionconsisting of a gas producer, a compressor and a wertzrnerator of thekind described a connected in operative relation.

To help maintain a flame ea l or combustion surface coincident everywtore Mtlrthc. burner surface it is desirable that all po nts of thelatter should be ually accessible from the fuel inlets. The diameter orwidth of the fuel inlets will be the snbtenee of the curve of equalradii for the burner surface. Spreadin the inflowing stream ofsupphes isequiva cut to widening the fuel inlet and lengthening the aubtense. and,therefore, of flattening t to curve of the burner surface.

As it mar be expected that the looee materials of the burner will inservice. settle together and somewhat degrade any surface curve. theflatter the burner surface the better. if equal accessibility besecured.

it is evident that the apreadia i an-faces of the cone (or grism) ma! bea usted to Secure, for the irer nt. streams of fuel,

tiat cut-res: also that in an oblong lire chamber. for a large unit ofpower, several fuel inlets with aumiry spreading prisms may require, forequal distribution to their joint burner, a surface nearly or quitelevel.

The word fuel here means all elements of gas and air proper forcombustion; and the phrase fuel inlet means an aperture or a group ofapertures for the admission of those elements in proportionc proper forcombustion: multiccll (or W tieellular), applied to the type of burnerltt "e described, distinguishes it from all them which, like the Bunsenburner and the blast lamp, provide but a sin le aphrtment or cavity forseclmion and (infusion of the elements. pending the reaction ofcombustion; a gate is anything which shots or bars a passage I we comare such a war generator with the exp o ive type 0 engine we find thatthe combustion chamber and water jacket have been M-paratcd from theengine cylinder; that ill lt'pt'tltltlll compression of supplies leavesthe engine free for mob c duty exclusively; that cointant pressure hasbeen substituted for constant or measured volume; that the water jacket,in the form of a boiler. contributes steam to be used in common with thecombustion gases. Evident advantages a de; saving the engine mechanismfrom ex'teesivc combustion beat and the cylinder fiom explosive stream-sconcurring with the strains of unequal heat expansion; saving fuel inthe work done, by the surplus beat heretofore wasted in jacket water.

if we compare the ordinary steam boiler with such a power generator weiiml that. for ordinary fuel has been subst tuted an explosive mixture:for ordinary or slightly forced draft has been substituted combustionunder constant pressure of several atmos )hercs; for wide diti'nsiou issubstituted con moment of heat and steam to an inner coinpaz..-. itsurrounding the heating surfaces, tow..--d which flows the feed water,witha slight but mnstant and sniiieiont current; for the steam dome issubstituted a separate and inde wndc'nt. mixing chamber: forsuperheatiugapparatus is substituted actual contact of steam with thefire and diffusion with the mmbustion sea as they pass together to theengine; am for a stokcr is substituted an electric motor titilllFautomatically to increase or diminish tac fuel Rural" 0 .mcct. tbcrequirements.

be most directand ctl'cctive way of improving steam-engine cconomv is bvthe use of superheated steam. leabodya 'l'lwrnmdynumicx of Mo Steam minc Supcrheating has for its sole purpose and-result. the extinction orreduction of the intcrnhl thermal wastes of the engine consequentuponinitial or cylinder condensation. Snperhcating even a few degreesimproves considerably the performance of the engine, and, in the averagecase superheuting 100 degrees F. will entirely extinguish that waste.The obstruction at the boiler has been, and still remains,

difliculty of construction of a superhcatin" system Wl'llt'li will be atonce ct'fu'tivc, M c and durable." See "'lbnrston's lilmnm/ 0/ Strumlfoilcrn )p. mitt-Hill).

it is thus cvit cut that superhcating is of the utmost ini mrtunco forsteam engine economy; that t ierc are economic constructive ant materialditiiculties in imparting an )crbeat to steam through intervening metalic walls; that the most logical and practical method must therefore diswnse with the walls and supcrbeat the steam by direct contact with thetire and combustion gases. substantially as heretofore dcscrilml. It isalso evident that, within reasonable limits. the steam may be sosols-cheated. or the combnstion gases so tempered to any degree snitnhlefor the immediate purpo e. 'lhe engine will he then. approxinmtcly. agas Murine or, a'pproxunately, a steam engine, according to lllipressure was 1 pound per square inch, then the steam has about J, poundper square inch preaaure, and therefore the exhaust into the atmoaihercwould expand Just as much as thong: a condenser were used. From thislictet concludea that the steam consumption of this tum-condensingengine approachea nearly that of a condensing engine. Ibid. p. -il0. Itis evident that this advantage sought by Pietet in his mixture of steamand air, must as certainly, and more fully, be found in mv mixture ofateam and combustion gases ii tempered to the required conditiona; forwhile in his system it is the object of an expenditure of one on thecontrary in my system it ia an a dttional economy incident to aaving theheat energy of the ateam.

I claim-- l. A steam-boiler comprising an interior combustion chamber, aplurality of com )ll'l' meuta uurmuudin said combustion c anther. aninlet for eed water in thcouter oi said cmnpartmenta. and co nmlwicatingpassages between said eompartmentaurranged to conduct the feed wateraucceaaively throu h quid compartmenta from aaid inlet to theintcrior'lu-ating surfaces. thereby intercepting and iu-cumulating heatduring its pmgrem.

2. steam boiler com arising an interior muuhuatiou chamber, a p uralityof concentric annular mnupartmenta anrrmtnding aaid. comltllalioltchamber. an inlet for feed water in the outer of auid coinpartmcnta andcomumuicaliug pumagmt between said compartments arruugml to conduct thefeed water anew-naively through said munpul tincnta from sllltl inlet tothe interior heating aurfacea, thcrcb intercepting and accumu atiug heatduring its progreaa.

it. gaseous tluid purer-generator, compriaing a central cmuhuatiouchamber. an annular upright boiler, sun-minding aatd combustion chamber.a plurality of feed water emnpartmeuts surrounding said boiler, alllllttnjl chamber, havin oonununicatiou with said boiler and" Witt theinterior of said combuatiou chamber, an inlet for the feed water in theouter feed water -:om artment. said inner compartment having tlirectcommunication with the boiler, the passa between said feed watercompartments ing so arranged thatthe feed water is forced to travel theentire length of each compartment in ita movement toward the boiler.

4. In a power-generator; an annular n right boiler, a fluid fuelburnercentrally diapoeed thereof and provided with refractory material forretaining the heat of said 1 burner in close proximity to the innervertical sides of the boiler, a plurality of feed water compartmentssurrounding said boiler, means for causing the feed water to traversethe length of each compartment, an indeggndent mixing chambersurmount-ing said der and a acries of exhaust tubes communicating withsaid mixing chamber.

5. In a power-generator, a fluid fuel burner, a combustion chambercontaining a mass of refractory material diapoeed above said burner, anupright annular boiler aurroundiug said combustion chamber and extendingabove the same, concentric annular ffl'dewllel' com artmcnta surroundingaaid boiler, commuu catin paauagn between aaid feed water ccmgpart enta,t e adjacent par sages being at the opposite ends of the compartments, amixiu chamber aurmountmg aaid boiler and a nertea of exhaust tubesconnecting said combuation chamber with said mixing chamber and diapoaedin the upper part of said chamber.

0. In a power generator an interior combustion chamber. it ill!" ity ofconcenttic water heating cham iera surrounding said combustion chmnbcr.communicating peasages lx-twecu adjacent water chambers, each paauabeing at the opposite end of the cham m from the one preceding it,thereby cauain the incoming feed water'to flow aucceusire y through thelength of each of the chatuhem.

EASTBURNE E. LAM-SON. \Vitneaaea:

L. ll. Swauaa, in F. Rtrrr.

